Protection Over Animals Animal Abuse - 1510 Words

Protection Over Animals We should understand that animals have feelings and have a brain even though they do not have the same physical appearance as we do. I believe people that are caught committing the acts of abuse, the consequences of breaking the animal laws should be strongly enforced. In reality I’m sure that I am not the only person who would love nothing than to help our loving animals to live a full and happy life. The reason for my paper is to reach out to people on how important animals are, just as much as we are important. I also believe that we should all want to help animals and keep them safe from abuse because no living breathing creature deserves to go through that. Animal abusers should have harsher punishments for animal abuse due to the cruelty inflicted on the animals, the rights of animals, and the inhumane things done during animal testing (Report 1). People in our society use our animals for all the wrong reasons. Our pets and wild life are meant to be loved and handled with care, people have always exploited animals. With the people of today’s society, some of our wildlife species could become extinct because of the fact that people hunt and kill animals for fun and sport. In the last ten years the idea that animals have rights has gained acceptance in Europe, the United States and Australia. The main arguments in this book is that people should respect the fact that animals do have rights. All animals should be treated with love, care andShow MoreRelatedDomestic Violence VS Animal Cruelty and Child Abuse1665 Words   |  7 PagesOver the centuries, animals have suffered from cruelty from humans. In the United States, animals are beaten, neglected, or forced to struggle for survival. Animals have been inflicted with pain from humans for reasons other than self-defense. They have been slaughtered for their food and fur fo r personal gain in profit. In a majority of cases they have even been abused for someone’s own personal amusement or out of rage filled impulses. In some cases animals are found and rescued. They are givenRead MoreThe Effects Of Animal Cruelty771 Words   |  4 Pagesmember and treat them as one. Sadly, many of those animals’ experience abuse and trauma that lasts a lifetime. Animal Cruelty may not seem like much however, it can be linked to multiple other social problems. As stated in Understanding Social Problems, â€Å"Domestic violence and animal abuse are linked.† The abuser often assaults the family pet to demonstrate their power and control over their family or spouse as well as create an environment of fear. Animal cruelty can also be linked to crimes such as murderRead MoreAnimal Cruelty And Domestic Violence Essay1679 Words   |  7 Pages Animal Cruelty and Domestic Violence: Intersections of Abuse Animals are an important and valued part of many families and cultures. In many households, animals are considered members of the family, receive Christmas and birthday presents, and are cared for just as a human child would be. Opposition to animal cruelty has even become a sort of universal value in American culture(Kordzek 604). But animals are uniquely vulnerable to abuse, and despite this theyRead MoreAnimal Cruelty And Animal Abuse1572 Words   |  7 Pages LITERATURE REVIEW 5 China, US and the EU 5 A. Research Connections to Animal Cruelty and Abuse 6 B. Alternatives to Animal Testing 6 IV. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 7 V. REFERENCES 8 â€Æ' I. INTRODUCTION The abuse and cruelty by humans towards animals have been on the rise as producers and retailers of cosmetics and drugs rush to position their products in the global markets. Scientific tests remain a leading player in animal abuse, especially due to the controlled environment while being experimentedRead MoreA Brief History of Animal Abuse and Cruelty Essay1152 Words   |  5 Pagesattracted by black smoke. She managed to put out the the flames with her sweater and proceeded to rush him to a small animal hospital with severe burns over his whole body and a serious ankle infection. Although he lost 60% off of both of his ears he maintained almost complete mobility of his leg. He still has a slight limp. Judi Bunge, a senior vet technician at Buffalo Small Animal Hospital who had been looking after Phoenix, adopted him soon after he had fully recovered. He now lives with Judi andRead MoreAnimal Abuse During The 1900 S1384 Words   |  6 PagesAnimal Abuse Movies, TV shows, circuses, and illegal gatherings in an old car garage are all places that animal abuse has taken place for the entertainment of humans. Since the 1900’s movie producers have been using animals in their productions (Dugas). Inhumane and unnecessary, are just two words that describe animal abuse, the use of animals for human entertainment is cruel and injustice. â€Å"Bite the Bullet†, a movie in the 1906 about a race through the American west, focused on the treatmentRead MoreAnimal Abuse Cases Essay examples1127 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout the world there are many animal abuse cases that increase every year, most cases not even being reported yet. The word animal cruelty gets thrown around a lot and can be categorized into different scenarios and laws. The point of researching animal cruelty is to get the reader to change their perspective on how they view animal cruelty and try to show them that animals need to be heard and helped, animals should have the same rights as human beings and there should be consequences forRead MoreInhumane Treatment of Farm Animals1319 Words   |  6 Pagestheir animals. Pregnant pigs are confined to tiny crates where they can barely move, and chickens are crammed together by the thousands, in small chicken house to save money. Veal calves are kept inside so their meat doesnt darken. Dairy cows and hens are pumped with lots of chemicals and hormones so that they produce more milk and eggs than they naturally would, and piglets that a crippled, too small or simply unwanted are killed brutally and thrown away like trash. Not only are the animals deniedRead MoreThe Effectiveness Of Animal Protection Laws Essay1396 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effectiveness of Animal Protection Laws in the United States Almost eight million dogs and cats are surrendered to local shelters each year. Of those nearly three million are euthanized in the U.S. according to the ASPCA. There are only three federal laws in the nation regarding animals, The Animal Welfare Act (AWA), Humane Methods of Slaughter Act, and the Twenty-Eight Hour Act of 1877. The AWA specifies regulation for domesticated pets, while the other two are for livestock and humane killingsRead MoreEnforcing Harsher Animal Abuse Penalties Essay example1329 Words   |  6 PagesEnforcing Harsher Animal Abuse Penalties Should a man who sexually abused and tortured his girlfriends kitten face only eighteen months of prison? People who commit these crimes usually face minimum time in jail and many times it does not even appear on their record. Animals are living creatures and therefore; should not be harmed in any kind of way and especially not killed. Due to the fact that most animals are in this world as a benefit to the human population, favorable treatment should be

Scarlet Letter Essay On Nature - 1175 Words

Skylar Bowyer October 24, 2017 Mr. Bernstein Scarlet Letter Essay Albert Einstein, a famous theoretical physicist, once said, â€Å"Look deep into nature, and then you will understand everything better.† Nature reveals much more to the human eye than many people realize. By looking deep into nature, one can find the inner workings of the universe and the simplicity of life. The Puritans and other main characters in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter did exactly this. Within the novel, readers witness many natural occurrences such as a meteor in the sky, a rosebush outside of a prison, or the sun setting on the horizon. The Puritans in the book analyze these events as â€Å"godly† and connect the events with the ongoings of the Massachusetts†¦show more content†¦Pearl, Hester’s child out of wedlock, then emphasizes on the idea of darkness following Hester when she declares to Hester, â€Å"the sunshine does not love you. It turns away and hides itself, because it is afraid of something on your bosom† (Hawthorne 167). The letter on Hester’s bosom not only repel the townspeople, it drives off the sunshine and light that used to follow her wherever she went. She is considered as a social outcast among her peers and even the children of the community. However, still in the forest, when Hester rips the Scarlet Letter from her chest and throws it into the nearby brook, â€Å"all at once, as with a sudden smile of heaven, forth burst the sunshine, pouring a very flood into the obscure forest, gladdening each green leaf, transmuting the yellow fallen ones to gold, and gleaming adown the gray trunks of the solemn trees† (Hawthorne 186). Once the letter is no longer attached to Hester, she is set free from her guilt and grief that she has endured for so many years. She is no longer controlled by the â€Å"iron-framework† (Hawthorne 111) of the puritan society and is able to be with Dimmesdale, her true lover, without the guilt that was brought upon her by the Scarle t Letter. Another main character in the book is Arthur Dimmesdale.Show MoreRelatedScarlet Letter Human Nature Essay731 Words   |  3 Pagesinstinct, known as human nature, has directly impacted the way humans carry out their daily lives. These instincts have also enabled mankind to be the most dominant species to ever live on this planet. Despite all the positives that human nature bring, it coexists with numerous flaws and inconsistencies as well. In The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne magnifies the flaws of human nature by incorporating them into the characters of the novel, where he emphasizes how human nature has the tendency toRead More The Nature of the Heart in Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter Essay1331 Words   |  6 PagesThe Nature of the Heart in The Scarlet Letter  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      Sacrificing of the soul and dedication can lead to suffering for some, but meaning in life for others. This is the main theme of The Scarlet Letter,by Nathaniel Hawthorne. The story takes place in the seventeenth century in Puritan New England. The main character of the legend is Hester Prynne, who has an affair with Arthur Dimmesdale, the minister, and they produce Pearl. Hesters husband, Roger Chillingworth is the town physician. HeRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, A Transcendentalist Novel?1664 Words   |  7 Pages The Scarlet Letter, a Transcendentalist Novel? In many respects, The Scarlet Letter is considered one of America s great classic novels. But is it a Transcendentalist work? While the novel is commonly viewed as possessing many classic Transcendentalist themes, such as an emphasis on nature and self-reliance, there are key differences in elements of Hawthorne s novel and the values and ideas that the father of TranscendentalismRead MoreHester Prynne Analysis916 Words   |  4 Pagesand literary critic, penned his essay On the Scarlet Letter as a critique of the novel The Scarlet Letter written by Nathaniel Hawthorne. Lawrence argued that Hester Prynne, the novel’s protagonist, is not a victim, but rather is a sinful, corrupted character acting in her own self interest. Lawrence was effective in portraying his analysis of Prynne by his use of harsh diction, biblical allusions, and choppy syntax. The harsh diction utilized by Lawrence in his essay achieves his purpose. LawrenceRead More The Scarlet Letter Essay968 Words   |  4 PagesThe Scarlet Letter A Critical Analysis of Hester Prynne The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne was written in 1849. This novel won him much fame and a good reputation as a writer. In writing The Scarlet Letter, Hawethorne was creating a form of fiction he called the psychological romance. A psychological romance is a story that contains all of the conventional trappings of a typical romance, but deeply portrays humans in conflict with themselves. The Scarlet Letter won Hawthorne greatRead MoreTheme Of Sin In The Scarlet Letter759 Words   |  4 PagesEssay About Secret Sin In the Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne, made in the 1800s and takes place in the 1700s. The novel, the Scarlet Letter is about a woman, Hester Prynne, who committed adultery in a Puritan society. She is punished for committing her sin by have the letter â€Å"A† in scarlet sewn onto her bosom, The â€Å"A† standing for adultery and is scarlet, representing sex, sin and, evil. Hesters husband has mysteriously never arrived to the colony, assumed to be at the bottom of the seaRead MoreA Romantic View Of Hester Prynne Essay1316 Words   |  6 PagesArthur Final Draft A Romantic View of Hester Prynne Individualism, emotion and the purity and simplicity of nature are at the foundation of American Romanticism. Essays such as Thoreau’s Walden and Emerson’s â€Å"Self-Reliance† call on humans to look inward and avoid conformity in order to find meaning and purpose in life. Nathaniel Hawthorne is also sympathetic to these ideals, but in The Scarlet Letter, he conveys them in the format of a novel where one of his main characters, Hester Prynne, is surroundedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Writings Of Washington Irving, Nathaniel Hawthorne, And Edgar Allan Poe1335 Words   |  6 Pagesthree of them are known for their short essays and their advocacy to make writing a full-fledged and legitimate profession. Their writings show that they were hugely influenced by the Romantic Movement (romanticism); ‘a movement in art, literature, music, philosophy, politics and culture towards focusing on the individual, the subjective, and the spontaneous’ (Dincer 218). Roma nticist writing â€Å"encouraged contemplation and self-awareness, direct contact with nature, and a focus on and an exploration ofRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne960 Words   |  4 PagesJack Joseph Ms. Lagan English 3H 13 August 2014 The novel, The Scarlet Letter, was written by the author Nathaniel Hawthorne and was published in 1850 (1). It is a story about the Puritan settlers of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, set around 1650 (2). The story is written in the third person with the narrator being the author. The common thread that runs through this novel is Hawthorne’s apparent understanding of the beliefs and culture of the Puritans in America at that time. But Hawthorne is writingRead More Hesters Psychological Alienation in The Scarlet Letter Essay1332 Words   |  6 PagesHesters Psychological Alienation in The Scarlet Letter       Throughout his book The Scarlet Letter Nathaniel Hawthorne is preoccupied with the relationship between the individual and society. Hesters sin and subsequent condemnation alienate her. No where is this alienation more apparent than in Chapter 5, Hester at her Needle. Condemned by her sin of passion, Hester is   separated from her community, not only physically, as she lives on the edge of the town, but also

Seven Environmental Principles Free Essays

string(58) " constitution must have the following characteristics: 1\." I. Definition and Importance of Political Science These are the varied definitions of Political Science as it originally emphasized by the Greek term â€Å"polis† for city-state and â€Å"scire† means to â€Å"know†: 1) It is the science that studies the political power and authority of the state and government. 2) It is the systematic study of the institution, organization, processes and laws of the government. We will write a custom essay sample on Seven Environmental Principles or any similar topic only for you Order Now 3) It is the study of politics that may influence the government structures and processes in a given society. ) It is how the branches of government perform the various political task such as the delivery of basic services. 5) It is the exercise of sovereign political right of the state and government to carry its task for the improvement of quality of life in the society Generally, the importance of political science is the application of political powers and authority in the realm of government structures. The ordinary citizens may know and learn about their political rights and privileges from a given form of government including the political structure and processes of the state. 1. The knowledge of human rights and privileges will educate the citizens about their role in the political affairs of the state particularly in political rights : a) The right to vote (suffrage);b) The constitutional rights and privileges ( due process of law); c) the right in providing the basic services such as education, health and sanitation, employment and other public support. 2. The study of political science motivates the citizens to participate in the political activities of the state as to achievement the development thrust of the government in relation to the improvement of quality of life. . The political science concepts on democracy, dictatorship and power structures give the citizen full understanding as to the consequences on the individual political action as defined by the political power and authority of the state. 4. The concept of politics may well be studied in the political science not simply in the art of persuasion and influence that the citizens learn about al so how these political concept area applied in the society. 5. The comprehensive study on the branches, forms and systems of government provide the individual better understanding in the concept of separation of powers, parliamentary system, diplomatic immunity, human rights, general welfare, social services From the understandings of these basic concepts of government, state, laws and institutions those who would study political science must know its importance and function, relationship with other discipline and broader understanding to its specific roles of individual in a civilized society. The students and professionals should not only know the political theories but also deeper insights as to its application in their own field of expertise. Thus the study of political science will also include the empirical investigation of political facts through social research and the application of critical thinking. The key words in the comprehensive analysis on the principles of political science are state, government, law, institution, power relationships, legal process, constitutions and politics. These are the important dimensions to study political science that need to be constantly in touch to mold the citizens in achieving quality of life to our society. Definition: Political science is the academic subject centering on the relations between governments and other governments, and between governments and peoples. II. state   (stt) n. 1. A condition or mode of being, as with regard to circumstances: a state of confusion. 2. A condition of being in a stage or form, as of structure, growth, or development: the fetal state. 3. A mental or emotional condition: in a manic state. 4. Informal A condition of excitement or distress. 5. Physics The condition of a physical system with regard to phase, form, composition, or structure: Ice is the solid state of water. 6. Social position or rank. 7. Ceremony; pomp: foreign leaders dining in state at the White House. 8. a. The supreme public power within a sovereign political entity. b. The sphere of supreme civil power within a given polity: matters of state. 9. A specific mode of government: the socialist state. 10. A body politic, especially one constituting a nation: the states of Eastern Europe. 11. One of the more or less internally autonomous territorial and political units composing a federation under a sovereign government: the 48 contiguous states of the Union. adj. 1. Of or relating to a body politic or to an internally autonomous territorial or political unit constituting a federation under one government: a monarch dealing with state matters; the department that handles state security. 2. Owned and operated by a state: state universities. r. v. stat ·ed, stat ·ing, states To set forth in words; declare. III. gov ·ern ·ment ? ? [guhv-ern-muhnt, ? er-muhnt] Show IPA noun 1. the political direction and control  exercised over the actions of the members, citizens, or inhabitants of communities, societies, and states; direction of the affairs of a state, community, etc. ; political administration: Government is necessary to the existence of civilized society. 2. the form or syste m of rule by which  a state, community, etc. , is governed: monarchical government; episcopal government. . the governing body of persons in a state, community, etc. ; administration. 4. a branch or service of the supreme authority of a state or nation, taken as representing the whole: a dam built by the government. 5. (in some parliamentary systems, as that of the United Kingdom) a. the particular group of persons forming the cabinet at any given time: The Prime Minister has formed a new government. b. the parliament along with the cabinet: The government has fallen. IV. con ·sti ·tu ·tion ? ? [kon-sti-too-shuhn, -tyoo-] Show IPA noun 1. he way in which  a thing is composed or made up; makeup; composition: the chemical constitution of the cleanser. 2. the physical character of the body as to strength, health, etc. : He has a strong constitution. 3. Medicine/Medical, Psychology . the aggregate of a person’s physical and psychological characteristics. 4. the act or p rocess of constituting;   establishment. 5. the state of being constituted;   formation. V. A good written constitution must have the following characteristics: 1. You read "Seven Environmental Principles" in category "Essay examples" ) Broad A constitution must be broad in its scope because it utlines the organization of the government for the whole state. A statement of provisions and functions of the government, and of the relations between the governing body and the governed, requires a comprehensive document. 2. ) Brief A constitution must be brief because it is not the place in which the details of organization should be set forth. Some constitutions have been marred by the inclusion of pure regulation. 3. ) Definite The constitution must be definite. In a statement of principles of underlying the essential nature of a state any vagueness hich may lead to opposing interpretations of essential features may cause incalculable harm. Civil war and the disruption of the state m ay conceivably follow from ambiguous expressions in a constitution. VI. Different types of constitutions Introduction There is no doubt that each society has political activity that connects with its social, economic, geographic and political conditions, as well as constitutional studies come at the top of the legal studies due to the subject of the constitutional law connects directly with life and cares of all citizens in the state, rulers or subjects. If the constitutional law cares with the rulers from one corner, but it determines the general aspect of authorities and regime of the governing in the state and draws the limits for specification to each authority and its relations with others. Whatever point of view, there is no dispute on importance of the constitutional law because it cares with the rulers and subjects and upgrades to the top place. The constitution is a set of the legal rules organize entity of the state and human society that exists among definite geographic space regarding with constitution and legal rules are in permanent and continues movement. Customary Constitutions And Written Constitutions It’s known that the rules regarding with any political system of any state, it will be two ways, either resulting from customary without writing out any formal texts, in this case it’s said there is customary constitution. The second case it may be wrote down in formal document that is made to be known at the all (Dr. Sabri, Said). So that there two types that are customary constitutions and written constitutions. Customary Constitution The customary is considered the oldest formal resources of the legal rule. It remained the sole source of the constitutional rules in the world till 18th century. It is theoretic and needed source, whereas gives binding force to the legal rule in the performance. (Dr. Abu Steet, A). English constitution is the clearest example for such type of the constitutional laws because the constitutional laws were formed by the customary in Britain that often represents still constitutional rules. Customary ruels include other written constitutional rules embody in the â€Å"the Greatest Era† of year 1215 A. D. â€Å"Magna Carta and Bill Rights† of year 1689, and Parliament Act in 1911. Although such constitutional documents vary in Britain, it is not sufficient for political regime in the state that determined by customary rules in general. (Bashir, M. Ibid, page 42). The cause may be that England takes the customary constitution, this is referred to nature of the English people itself who intends to develop its rules and laws quietly without violent, as well as constitutional history began in England early. Moreover, the causes that called most of the countries to take with written constituions that were not available in English regime. (Al Sha’r, R. ). The importance of customary rules in the English constitution appears in survey the field that prevailed by it. Because of the English constitution is a set of the systems are often emerged in permanent customaries as long as new necessities made. If the customary rules took great importance in establishing of the constitutional laws in non written constitutions of the countries. Such rules and laws are emerged as a result of following up a public authority in the definite country relating with habit of the any target of the constitutional law without any contrary of the other authorities till it remains in the minds of the people had to respect such rules, consequently it adds binding feature. Written Constitutions The first written constitutions were English colonies constitutions in the North America after its freedom in 1776, USA Constitution in 1787 that still remains. Since written constitutions appeared, the idea of constitution liberty prevailed to be a tool for freedom whereas it remains with specific right for the citizen. The idea of written constitution transferred from America to France till it made the first written constitution on 3 September 1791, then coveyed into the remaining European countries. After that range of the written constitution expanded in First World War as well as expanded into the Arabian countries. Consequently, the written constitution acquired political sense because it connects closely with definite matter of the government. According to that written constitutions add on the constitutions rules emphasizing and determining. (Dr. Bashir, M). Flexible And Rigid Constitutions Explainers indicated that flexible constitution that is can be amended by the authorities and with procedures may need for the ordinary laws. When there is flexible constitution such England Constitution, this means that there is no any constitution from the form aspect because there is no any conditions vary between the constitution amendments and ordinary legislation amendment, so that establishing authority mixes with legislative authority. As per the rigid constitution, it can’t be amended but by authorities and different procedures than such methods that amend the ordinary laws. Whereas as amendment of the rigid constitution vary here than method of the flexible constitution amendment. On the second hand, the rigid constitution has firmness feature as a result of the special procedures that are shall be regarded at amendment of its items. As per the flexible constitution doesn’t stipulate definite procedure that should be regarded to amend. Bashir, Al Shafei Mohammed). This doesn’t mean that the constitution can’t be touched totally and it can’t ever amended, but it means making and amendment it. In short, I can sum that the Standard can be taken for the difference between the flexible and rigid constitutions in as difficulty and complexity in amendment of the rigid constitution, if this difficulty increases, it will be rigid constitution, while this difficulty decreases, it will be half rigid or half flexible. Constitutional Convention It may appear along with written constitution practical needs in which written constitutional rules doesn’t complicate; in this case constitutional convention appears along with constitutional flexible rules officially. This convention may interpret or complete deficit in the constitution, but some says that the constitutional convention may be amended as constitutional item. The constitutional convention emerges along with written constitution and it consists with physical and spiritual article, i. e. with following up definite custom then is followed till to be binding matter. Such customs are emerged by political life in the country to exist to the written constitution as complementary or amended rules to some its items. Accordingly, the constitutional convention is either interpretation or complementary, or amended to some items of the constitution. In the interpretation custom, the customs performs with interpreter for ambiguity of the constitutional text. To raise this role, it’s supposed there is ambiguity constitutional text, as well as it shows way of application of the texts and conditions. Among examples of the interpreter custom what is made in accordance with French Constitution 1875. As per complementary custom, it overcomes interpreter custom role to play affected role along with written text, it represents in establishing new decision. As shown from its name, complementary custom may emerge to handle deficit problem of the written constitutional text because it supposes that the constitution neglects specific matter. In short that complementary constitution is unlike interpreter custom because it doesn’t relay on constitution item, and also it establish new constitutional rule. Among examples is French constitution 1875 provided that election shall be the ballot, and the custom completed this item whereas the election was directly and one degree. (Abu Al Magd, Ahmed Kamal). As per amended custom, that works to amend the constitutional text, it doesn’t limited to its ambiguity as interpreter custom or complete what is required of deficit as complete custom, but it aims at amendment of constitutional text and abrogate it provision and add new provision or cancel the standing text. Legal Value Of The Constitutional Convention The jurists vary in determine of the legal value of the constitutional convention. Some of them say that its value may be over the constitutional texts, equals to be established in accordance flexible or rigid constitution. But others say that interpreter constitution convention takes degree of the written constitutional text that is emerged beside it. As types of the other constitutional custom takes degree of ordinary law. Reference of this difference is that interpreter constitutional convention doesn’t establish new constitutional rule other than types. (Hashish, A. H. Dar-al-Nahda Al-‘Arabia). Conclusion In conclusion, I can confirm that there is no any state can live without law and there is not law without sovereignty. So that sovereignty of the law represents in our belief distinctive standard of the state then others of human communities. Sovereignty of the law is not slogans but it is fact shall be committed and obligated till the people find it before them in their daily life. There is no doubt that constitutional law is the first laws. Emphasizing that protection of the constitution from frivolity is to protect of entity of the state. 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Economics for Journal of Civil Engineering-myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theEconomics for Journal of Civil Engineering. Answer: "Rich people will carry on paying---it'll have no effecton them." The London Congestion Charge, which was implemented in 2003, for the vehicles operating in the Congestion Charge Zones of the region, is currently amounted to 11.50 pounds each day for those vehicles, which are of non-exempt vehicles. For non-payment a penalty of 65 to 195 pounds is imposed on the defaulter. This charge though seems moderately high for daily travelling, is not expected to affect the rich people of the country. The people falling in the uppermost income sector of the country, consisting of the upper ten percent of total population of the country, in terms of income, is seen to have an average income of 107,937 pounds. This in comparison to the bottom ten percent is huge as their average income is nearly 4,436 pounds (Dudley, 2013). Therefore, it is not a big deal for the richest section of the country to spend 11.50 pounds daily for their travelling purposes and the charge would not affect them significantly. They can also afford to buy all-electric cars, which are completely exempted. However, the upper middle class people of the region, though can afford the charge, will not be happily agreeing to pay the same and there will be some implications of the charge on their travelling habits (Givoni, 2012). "There should be an exemption for low paid and marketworkers." According to the currently existing rates in the Congestion Charge system in London, the non-exempted vehicles are charged an amount of 11.50 pounds daily for travelling in the Congestion Charge Zone. In addition to this the older vehicles, which contribute more to the pollution of the environment, under the rule, has to pay an extra amount of ten pounds over the usual charge of 11.50 pounds for traveling in the Congestion Charge Zone in this region (Zheng et al., 2014) . This is expected to be hurting for those low paid and usual market workers who need to travel in this region every day to earn their daily breads. Many of them use old cars and it may be too costly for them to buy new and less polluting vehicles to get exemptions. On the other hand, they may try to avail public transports in order to avoid paying the congestion charge. However, this on the other hand increases the congestion in the public transport and their availability may become a problem itself. Paying 11.50 pounds everyday can also be taxing on these low paid workers. In this context, exemptions or at least lower charges for these workers can be beneficial for them (Fan, 2015). References Dudley, G. (2013). Why do ideas succeed and fail over time? The role of narratives in policy windows and the case of the London congestion charge.Journal of European Public Policy,20(8), 1139-1156. Fan, W. (2015). Optimal congestion pricing toll design for revenue maximization: comprehensive numerical results and implications.Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering,42(8), 544-551. Givoni, M. (2012). Re-assessing the results of the London congestion charging scheme.Urban Studies,49(5), 1089-1105. Zheng, Z., Liu, Z., Liu, C., Shiwakoti, N. (2014). Understanding public response to a congestion charge: A random-effects ordered logit approach.Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice,70, 117-134.