The Symbolism of Religion and Comparison Analysis Essay Example For Students

The Symbolism of Religion and Comparison Analysis Essay In comparing the books Confession of the Jews and First Confession,I have found there to be similarities and differences. For example, FirstConfession deals with a boy converting from a boy to a young man by going toconfession and telling his sins for the first time. Conversion of the Jewsdeals with converting a boy into someone he has never really seen which was afree thinker which only older people usually do. In Conversion of the Jews Ozzie, who was the main character, had aproblem with getting along with the priest Rabbi Binder at Hebrew School. RabbiBinder didnt really like Ozzie because he was always asking a lot of questionsand Rabbi Binder was always getting angry at him. In First Confession Jackie,the main character, also had a problem. Jackies problem was similar to Ozzies,but also different. Jackie had a problem with his sister Nora. Nora believedthat Jackie was always lying and being bad. On his confession day his mothersent Nora go with Jackie. Nora ordered Jackie to tell all of his sins, includinghow he was mean to the grandmother who lived with them. We will write a custom essay on The Symbolism of Religion and Comparison Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Ozzie seemed troubled to Rabbi Binder in Conversion of the Jews. Inreality Jackie wasnt bad at all, he was just a boy who wanted answers to hisquestions. And that was proved when Ozzie asked a question in class and RabbiBinder went crazy and hit Ozzie because he thought Ozzie was trying to be a wiseguy. So Ozzie tried to prove a point to Rabbi Binder and his fellow classmatesby running to the roof and making believe he was going to jump. With Ozziebeing on the roof it gave Rabbi Binder a bigger belief that Ozzie was crazy andtroubled. Ozzie wasnt really crazy, he was just trying to make a point that hereally wasnt dumb. Ozzie just wanted to believe that there was really a Christ. So with the point that Ozzie was trying to make helped to convert everyone andtheir beliefs. Jackie, like Ozzie, was also troubled in First Confession. He was ayoung boy who lived with his family, including the grandmother. Jackie believedthe grandmother didnt like him very much, so he did mean things to her likehide under the table when she cooked dinner. When it came time for his firstconfession he went with his sister Nora. Nora tormented Jackie and scared himinto believing he was a sinner and he will pay for all of his sins. Jackie wasnot as bad as Nora made him out to be, he was just being a normal young boy. When Jackies turn was up to make his confession, he was unsure of what to do sohe did what he thought was right but messed up and ended up humiliating Nora. In reality the priest did not find anything wrong with what Jackie did, thepriest actually found it to be very amusing. Jackie went ahead and told hissins and ended up only having to say three hail Marys. Nora was in completeshock and could not believe such a sinner got off with such an easy penance, butJackie did and also made good friends with the priest. Religion was very important in both stories. First Confession dealswith being in church and telling sins to a priest which is what most Catholicspractice in a catholic church. In Conversion of the Jews the children went toHebrew School which was a way for the Jews to practice their religion. The twostories are different in religion ways but they are the same for the ways theypreach and how it is taught. .u014143467c33720a66431b5bf138a9b7 , .u014143467c33720a66431b5bf138a9b7 .postImageUrl , .u014143467c33720a66431b5bf138a9b7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u014143467c33720a66431b5bf138a9b7 , .u014143467c33720a66431b5bf138a9b7:hover , .u014143467c33720a66431b5bf138a9b7:visited , .u014143467c33720a66431b5bf138a9b7:active { border:0!important; } .u014143467c33720a66431b5bf138a9b7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u014143467c33720a66431b5bf138a9b7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u014143467c33720a66431b5bf138a9b7:active , .u014143467c33720a66431b5bf138a9b7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u014143467c33720a66431b5bf138a9b7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u014143467c33720a66431b5bf138a9b7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u014143467c33720a66431b5bf138a9b7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u014143467c33720a66431b5bf138a9b7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u014143467c33720a66431b5bf138a9b7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u014143467c33720a66431b5bf138a9b7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u014143467c33720a66431b5bf138a9b7 .u014143467c33720a66431b5bf138a9b7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u014143467c33720a66431b5bf138a9b7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Trifles By Susan Glaspel EssayIn comparing the two boys, I would have to say that they are verysimilar in ways of their conscience. Ozzie was scared to get in trouble and hedid not do it on purpose but it always happened that he did get in trouble. Hejust wanted to be taught about his religion the right way but he felt he nevergot the answers he needed to his questions which led him to the roof. He knewit was not right for him to jump off the roof, so he just tormented everyoneinto thinking he was going to jump. He had a guilty conscience because he kneweveryone was starting to worry, but he stayed until he proved his point. As forJackie, I believe his sister Nora gave him a conscience. She made him believehe was very bad and only sinned all the time. He did not feel so bad when hewas doing the wrong things, but he did feel bad when it was time to confess. Even though he had a conscience of believing he was bad, the priest did notthink he was so bad. By telling the priest all of his sins, Jackie was relievedof his guilty conscience and was finally able to feel good about himself. Not only was their conscience that made them similar, but also theiridentity. Ozzie and Jackie both found who they were in the two stories. Ozziealways believed he was just a trouble maker because that is what he always heard,but I knew he really was not a trouble maker. Ozzie did what he did for apurpose including going to the roof. Being on the roof helped him realize whatwas going on around him. It helped him realize who he was and what he wasbecoming. Ozzie was just a boy wanting to learn without getting into trouble. Jackie found who he was while telling the priest his sins, all of them. Jackiereally was not bad, everyone just told him that he was all the time, so that iswhat he started believing. He was just a boy doing and acting how young boys act. All little kids, including girls, are not perfect, so how can anyone expectJackie to be perfect. Just because Nora believed she was perfect does not meanJackie is bad because he does not follow how Nora acts. Jackie found his trueself while telling the priest all of his sins, which made him feel he canactually live with himself. Reading both stories gave me a sense of what both religions are like. Im catholic and already know what it is like to go to confession, but I neverhad an experience like Jackie. I am very familiar with the Jewish religion, butnever heard of Ozzies experience, not that it even happens in everyday life. Category: Religion

Rhythm In William Blakes London

Rhythm In William Blakes London Rhythm In William Blake's Poem "London"Rhythm, in a most basic sense, is a pattern of recurring sounds in the different syllables of words. Rhythm acts as a kind of "invisible framework" to poetry as it can only be heard and cannot be seen. George Puttenham describes the effect of rhythm as "(Something) to inveigle and appasionate the mind" (Mason and Nims 201), which succeeds in demonstrating the essence of rhythms role in poetry.William Blake's poem entitled, "London" uses rhythm to reinforce the ideas conveyed in the poem by employing diction that mimics the confined and restricted feeling conveyed by the bleakness in the streets of London. Beginning with the poems title, we expect a poem to be descriptive or a reminiscence of a particular time or place. The word "London" traditionally evokes images of Buckingham Palace or the royal family, yet Blake's poem makes no mention of either of these images and instead draws attention to the nuances in connotation.English: One of William Blake's watercolour illust...In this case, Blake focuses on the bleak quality of life in London rather than the great palace or the elite royalty."London" was written in 1794, during the time of the French Revolution. The revolution led to political panic, causing authorities in England to muffle various freedoms that had been afforded to its citizens, which ultimately created a country of strict regulations and increasing unhappiness.Blake's poem does not turn its back on the blackened streets of London, but instead guides us through the midnight streets, all the while painting the picture of a dark and dirty London. As the speaker wanders through the streets, he takes note of the frailty and grief that he sees in the faces of the people that he meets. He...

UK Political System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

UK Political System - Essay Example Fifth, there is a two-party system which keeps the party in power continually on its guard lest the Opposition should make political capital out of just one of its tumbles on policy; sixth and last, there is a culture of democracy that preceded formal establishment of democratic institutions. Parenthetically, checks and balances are a lot more than mere separation of powers: the essence of the latter is autonomy for every branch, which can only ensure that one branch of the government does not poach on the particular preserves of endeavour of any other. But checks and balances ensure that no branch of the Constitution lets another overreach its powers. For example, parliament makes laws and the judiciary interprets them in the light of the Constitution, even though in the case of Duport Steel versus Sirs in 1980 the judges said "it is parliament's opinion on these matters that is paramount". Interestingly, under the British Constitution judges cannot be removed from office except by impeachment which has been very rare. Also, the executive is discouraged from criticising judicial decision. The US President is often called the world's most powerful functionary. However, the federal structure of the USA curbs his powers. That, at least in theory, is not the case with the British Prime Minister. The powers of Congress and the Supreme Court balance those that a President might exercise; the US Constitution lays down what the President can and cannot do, and the codified document can be changed only by the Supreme Court. Such constraints do not obtain in the UK; the general powers exercised by a British Prime Minister include that to appoint, reshuffle or dismiss Cabinet ministers, create peers in the House of Lords, give out honours, appoint ambassadors, top civil servants, bishops and judges, determine government business and Cabinet discussions and agendas, withhold information from parliament deemed necessary, use the media via a lobby system, terminate the life of a government and call a general election. Thus, the British Prime Minister would appear to have abundant powers. . The Prime Minister's position as leader of the majority party in the House of Commons, together with his position as head of government, thus combining legislative and executive powers, apparently amount to immense accretion of power. Additionally, many of the Prime Minister's powers derive from the prerogative powers of the Monarch. These extensive powers are wielded independently of parliament, and effectively give every Prime Minister the powers of a head of State, which include being in charge of the armed forces and security services, negotiating treaties. All this suggests that the Prime Minister can act like a virtual autocrat. Constraints However, this is not so, as there are constraints on his/her powers. For instance, he/she cannot afford to be seen to surround himself/herself with "nodding donkeys", as a political commentator put it. The party he/she leads will not

A partnership agreement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

A partnership agreement - Essay Example While such procedure will be effective in prevention of future conflicts, it has been found that conflicts are inevitable due to changes in laws and circumstances. It is also impossible to document every aspect of the partnership and as such, the document needs to be flexible enough to allow the inclusion of changing needs and circumstances of the partnership. Partnership agreements may need to be modified in the instance of divorce settlements, which may lead to the family members of a partner receiving shares, bankruptcy, death, retirement, disability, translocation of a partner, a partner intending to sell after getting a nice offer, debts taken out on the partnership. All of these reasons make strong the argument for the partnership agreement to be made flexible.Divorce Settlements  At the time of getting into marriage, many partners overlook many of the provisions of a partnership agreement. In most instances, it is assumed that divorce or separation will not occur.. However, it has to be acknowledged that divorce and separation are an inevitable occurrence of modern life. It is thus important that since the marital circumstances of the partners may change in the future the partnership agreement be flexible enough to allow the inclusion for the changing circumstances. It s estimated that about a million of the businesses in the US are co owned by wife and husbands in a partnership. That being said it is inevitable that conflicts will arise in instances of divorce or separation of the couple.... All of these reasons make strong the argument for the partnership agreement to be made flexible. Divorce Settlements At the time of getting into marriage, many partners overlook many of the provisions of a partnership agreement. In most instances, it is assumed that divorce or separation will not occur.. However, it has to be acknowledged that divorce and separation are an inevitable occurrence of modern life. It is thus important that since the marital circumstances of the partners may change in the future the partnership agreement be flexible enough to allow the inclusion for the changing circumstances. It s estimated that about a million of the businesses in the US are co owned by wife and husbands in a partnership. That being said it is inevitable that conflicts will arise in instances of divorce or separation of the couple. To add on to that many of the people who enter into business partnerships with other people other than their spouses are usually married. The resources broug ht into the business may thus be considered to belong to the family. Upon divorce, the couple may be required by law to divide the shares in the business in the interests of justice. A partnership agreement that does not take into account such things as divorce may thus need to be amended in order to accommodate the new dispensation. This is best exemplified in Estate of Cohen v. Booth Computers in which Cohen was suing her husband over shares held jointly by both of them. The judge ruled that Cohen was entitled to a share in the company by virtue of marriage since there was no express provision in the partnership agreement that was against such as scenario (Mahler, 2011). Bankruptcy Bankruptcy is the inability of a person to pay

Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 52

Journal - Essay Example We made rounds, collect data and encouraged non-compliant staff to follow hand hygiene protocols. Met with my infection control personnel. Task-made rounds with engineering staff to install hand sanitizers and hand washing soap dispensers in identified strategic areas. Also made rounds on all inpatient units to collect raw data on staff hand hygiene compliance Attended infection control departmental meeting. Main topic was the upcoming hand hygiene initiative. The manager stated that it will be an organizational wide challenge to raise awareness and hopefully improve and meet the target goal on hand hygiene. Continued to raise awareness and encourage health care providers through consistent patrol to the inpatient units. It is refreshing to know that employee compliance is on the rise due to proper education, accessible soap, water or hand sanitizer, and reinforced messages among staff members, patients and their families. Weeks 4 through week 7 have been very busy at my clinical site. For a start, I attended a mandatory leadership meeting held by the new Assistant Vise-President (AVP) for Patient Care Services. The take home from this meeting was for all leaders to collaborate effectively in building a strong foundation for the organization. In effect, it would encourage the need to improve our patient satisfaction by employing basic nursing care at the bedside. Later that afternoon, the infection Control manager assigned me to work with one of his staff members. Our job was to go to all inpatient units and take data regarding hand hygiene compliance. He informed me on an upcoming initiative to create/raise an organizational wide awareness to improve to improve hand hygiene. Among the tasks, we were to carry out included making rounds, collecting data and encouraging non-compliant staff to follow hand hygiene protocols. Through the last three weeks, this has been the focus

Factors Affecting Survival in Patients With Brain Metastasis

Factors Affecting Survival in Patients With Brain Metastasis Prognostic factors affecting the survival in patients with brain metastasis: A Retrospective study Abstract Aims: To determine long term survival and prognostic factors in patients with brain metastases who underwent whole brain radiotherapy. Introduction: Multiple brain metastases are unfortunate consequence, frequently found in patients of advanced cancer. The prognosis, even after treatment with Whole-Brain Radiation Therapy (WBRT) is poor with an average expected survival time of Materials methods: From January 2005 to August 2010, medical records of 186 patients with diagnosis of brain metastasis were analyzed. Out of these, 140 patients who received WBRT Â ± chemotherapy were included and 26 patients who did not take any treatment for brain metastasis were excluded from the study. The prognostic factors evaluated for overall survival were ECOG performance status, gender, age, number of lesions, primary tumor site, primary tumor status, extracranial metastases and chemotherapy radiotherapy. Results: The overall median survival was three months and one two year survival was 8.57% and 3.57%, respectively. The most common primary tumor site was lung 82 (44.08%) followed by breast 46 (24.73%), renal cell carcinoma 11 (5.91%) and unknown primary 11 (5.91%). The overall median survival was 3 months, maximum being 4.5 months in patients with breast cancer. and at one year survival 6/33(18.2%) in breast cancer patients (p=0.10). In this series, the patients with higher perform status (p=0.21), cancer breast (p=0.10) and solitary brain metastasis (p=0.0003) with primary tumor controlled (p=0.14) had better survival. Conclusion: This study suggests that patients with some prognostic factors have good survival. So the overall assessment of the patient is always best done at the bedside and must be individualized. The above mentioned clinical features should be considered and hopefully will aid in the decision regarding treatment of brain metastases. Key words: Brain metastasis, prognostic factors, solitary metastasis, whole brain radiotherapy. Introduction Brain metastasis is one of the most feared consequences of cancer. It is devastating both to patients and their families. Progression of brain metastases may cause headache, nausea, vomiting, neurological deficits, cognitive decline, delirium and eventually death. Patients with brain metastases present dilemma for palliative health care professionals in terms of whether to proceed with whole brain radiotherapy or hospice placement. Metastasis to the brain occurs in approximately 20% of the patients with limited survival and worse quality of life. [1] Glucocorticoids and whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) has been the mainstay of treatment while craniotomy for tumor resection has been the standard local treatment for solitary lesion. The median survival of untreated patients is approximately one month, 1.6 months in patients treated with steroids only, 3.6 months in patients treated with radiotherapy and 8.9 months in patients treated with neurosurgery followed by radiotherapy. [2, 3] So me of the strong prognostic factors for survival are: performance status, response to steroids and status of systemic disease. The main goal of WBRT is to improve neurologic deficits caused by the metastases and surrounding edema and to prevent any further deterioration of the neurologic function. The extent of improvement after WBRT is directly related to the time from diagnosis to radiation therapy and early treatment is generally associated with a better outcome. [4, 5] The overall response rate to WBRT ranges from 50-85% in various studies. Traditionally, surgical resection has been offered rarely to patients with multiple metastases because of resection related excessive morbidity. The majority of patients who achieved control of cranial metastasis died from progressive extracranial disease whereas the cause of death in most of the cases is due to CNS disease in patients with recurrent brain metastases. [4, 6] In this study, the prognostic factors were evaluated for survival in patients with diagnosis of brain metastasis who receive WBRT. Materials Methods The records of 186 patients with brain metastases in between January 2005 to August 2010 were analyzed retrospectively. Out of these, 46 patients not willing for radiotherapy and who chose only best supportive care were not included in the study. All the remaining 140 patients were planned WBRT after starting dexamethasone, mannitol and other supportive treatment. With diagnosis of brain metastasis, the following variables were analyzed for survival: ECOG performance status, gender, age, number of brain lesions, primary tumor site (Table 2), extra cranial metastases, treatment of primary disease and radiotherapy (Table-1). The survival time was considered as time between diagnosis of brain metastasis and last follow up or recorded death. Brain metastases were detected by computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance image (MRI) scan. All patients were treated with WBRT on telecobalt units Therateron 780 C and 780 E. The WBRT was given by bilateral fields. The total dose was 30-36 Gy with a median of 30 Gy delivered in two weeks, five fractions per week 3 Gy per fraction. The supportive care (dexamethasone mannitol) was started at the beginning of treatment and continued during radiotherapy. Chemotherapy was administered to the patients with good performance status and progressive systemic disease after WBRT. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS for windows, version 20.0. Results One hundred forty patients were analyzed who completed WBRT and came for follow up. The survival results were computed by recorded deaths (97 cases) or last follow up (43 cases). The overall median survival was 3 months, and the one two year survival was 12 (8.57%) and 5 (3.57%). One patient of carcinoma breast (primary under control) with brain metastasis was alive at the time of this analysis with survival time of 4.2 years. Those patients who had solitary brain metastasis (p=0.0003), high ECOG performance status (p=0.21), controlled extracranial disease (p=0.14) and breast carcinoma (p=0.10) had better survival (Table 2 3). The single most significant prognostic factor associated with better survival was solitary brain metastasis (p=0.0003). Discussion With gradual improvements in the care of cancer patients, longer survival is expected even in patients with metastatic disease. In this study, patients with brain metastases who received WBRT alone or WBRT followed by chemotherapy were evaluated. Studies of ultra rapid fractionated WBRT (10 Gy in 1 fraction, 12 Gy in 2 fractions, 15 Gy in 2 fractions over 3 days) as carried out by Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) and other investigators showed a possible increased risk of herniation and death within a few days after treatment and are generally avoided. Likewise, no advantage was seen with extended fractionation (50Gy in 20 fractions or 54.4Gy at 1.6Gy twice daily) compared to the more commonly prescribed 30Gy in 10 fractions. [6, 7, 8, 9] Regimens using 10 or fewer fractions are used in patients with poor prognosis, since such patients are not expected to live long enough to experience serious side effects. The institutional protocol followed in our patients is 30 Gy in10 fractions, 3 Gy per fraction but in patients with good general condition and primary disease under control having solitary brain metastasis, the dose was escalated by 6 Gy to give total tumor dose of 36 Gy. The end point of this study was to evaluate the different prognostic factors related with overall survival in patients with brain metastasis. The prognostic factors associated with better survival were solitary metastasis (p=0.0003), breast carcinoma (p=0.10), female sex (p=0.12), primary under control (p=0.14), higher ECOG performance status (p=0.21). These prognostic factors have also showed better survival in other studies. [7, 10, 11, 12, 13] Out of above mentioned prognostic factors only solitary brain metastasis was statistically significant (p=0.0003); other factors could not show statistical significance which may be due to small number of study sample. Lutterbach et al reported overall median survival of 3.4 months, two yea and three years survival were 5.6% (n=48) and 2.9% (n=25), respectively. [14] Survival of two years or more was observed in RTOG recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) class 1 2 patients. Within both classes, survival was significantly better for patients with a single brain metastasis compared with those having multiple brain metastases. In our study, the overall median survival was 3 months, and the one two year survival was 8.57% (n=12) and 3.57% (n=5), respectively and solitary brain metastases survival was significantly better than multiple metastasis (p=0.0003). There is small difference in two years survival in both studies because in our study, no patient received Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS); however, a larger recently published trial (RTOG 95-08) provides compelling evidence for the use of SRS boost following WBRT in patients with newly diagnosed one to three brain metastases. [15] In other recent studies, the role of WBRT following definitive treatment (surgery or SRS) of one to three metastases was most extensively evaluated in a trial conducted by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC 22952-26001) which was presented at the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) meeting in 2009 . In that trial, 359 patients with one to three brain metastases were randomly assigned to WBRT or observation following definitive treatment of their metastases with either SRS (n = 199) or surgery (n = 160). Despite the better control of the brain metastases, overall survival was virtually the same following WBRT (median 10.7 and 10.9 months). [16] Pease NJ et al showed that patient’s survival with WBRT was increased by an additional three to seven months from unselected group (three to six months) if they are in the high performance status group. [17] For those in poor performance status groups, there was no overall survival benefit. In our study, ECOG performance status 1 2 had better overall median survival (3.4 months) and one year survival (7.85%) as compared to ECOG status 3 and 4 (p=0.21). Lagerwaaed FJ et al reported that lesser systemic tumor activity was showed better median survival ranges from 6.6 months for the ‘none’ group (no extracranial disease) to 3.4 months in the ‘limited’ group and 2.4 months in the ‘extensive’ group (primary uncontrolled other systemic metastasis). [18] In our study, overall survival was 2.2 months 4 months in active primary disease and controlled primary with or without systemic metastases respectively. In our study, female showed better survival than male patients (p=0.12). This may be due to all breast cancer cases were females and breast cases showed better survival than others. Other studies did not show gender related survival difference. Conclusion WBRT continues to be an efficacious treatment in the management of brain metastasis. Despite the use of WBRT, outcomes are poor and efforts should be made to incorporate multimodality approaches including surgery, radiosurgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy sensitizers to improve survival mainly in patients with single metastasis, good performance status and extra cranial disease controlled. References: Posner JB, Chernik NL. Intracranial metastases from systemic cancer. Adv Neurol 1978;19:579-92. Coia LR. The role of radiation therapy in the treatment of brain metastases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1992;23:229-38. Lagerwaard FJ, Levendag PC, Nowak PJ, Eijkenboom WM, Hanssens PE, Schmitz PI. Identification of prognostic factors in patients with brain metastases: A review of 1292 patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1999;43:795-803. Lassman AB, DeAngelis LM. Brain metastases. Neurol Clin 2003; 21:1-23. Patchell RA, Regine WF. The rationale for adjuvant whole brain radiation therapy with radiosurgery in the treatment of single brain metastases. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2003; 2:111-5. Borgelt B, Gelber R, Larson M, Hendrickson F, Griffin T, Roth R. Ultra-rapid high dose irradiation schedules for the palliation of brain metastases: final results of the first two studies by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1981;7:1633-8. Borgelt B, Gelber R, Kramer S, Brady LW, Chang CH, Davis LW, et al. The palliation of brain metastases: final results of the first two studies by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1980; 6:1-9. Kurtz JM, Gelber R, Brady LW, Carella RJ, Cooper JS. The palliation of brain metastases in a favorable patient population: A randomized clinical trial by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1981;7:891-5. Berk L. An overview of radiotherapy trials for the treatment of brain metastases. Oncology (Huntingt) 1995;9:1205-12. Lang FF, Sawaya R. Surgical treatment of metastatic brain tumors. Semin Surg Oncol 1998;14:53-63 Patchell RA, Tibbs PA, Regine WF, Dempsey RJ, Mohiuddin M, Kryscio RJ, et al. Postoperative radiotherapy in the treatment of single brain metastases to the brain. JAMA 1998;280:1485-9. Schellinger PD, Meinck HM, Thron A. Diagnostic accuracy of MRI compared to CT in patients with brain metastases. J Neurooncol 1999;44:275-81. Gaspar LE, Scott C, Murray K, Curran W. Validation of the RTOG Recursive Partitioning Analysis (RPA) classification for brain metastases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2000;47:1001-6. Lutterbach J, Bartelt S, Ostertag C. Long-term survival in patients with brain metastases. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2002;128:417-25. Breneman JC, Warnick RE, Albright RE Jr, Kukiatinant N, Shaw J, Armin D, et al. Stereotactic radiosurgery for the treatment of brain metastases. Results of a single institution series. Cancer 1997;79:551-7. Kondziolka D, Patel A, Lunsford LD, Kassam A, Flickinger JC. Stereotactic radiosurgery plus whole brain radiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone for patients with multiple brain metastases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1999;45:427-34. Pease NJ, Edwards A, Moss LJ. Effectiveness of whole brain radiotherapy in the treatment of brain metastases: A systematic review. Palliat Med 2005;19:288-99. Lagerwaard FJ, Levendag PC. Prognostic factors in patients with brain metastases. Forum (Genova) 2001;11:27-46 Table 1: Characteristics of patients and treatment Table 2: Distribution of patients and one year survival with primary tumor site Table 3: Univariate analysis of characteristic of patients 1

The possible link between culture, material conditions, and war Essay

The possible link between culture, material conditions, and war After the Second World War and finally after the Cold War and the Gulf War, many peo-ple agreed that there is no need for war anymore. Allies were conducted to maintain peace. But this belief was destroyed. Nowadays, we have to fear a war with Iraq. The question which rises is, if there is a possible link between culture, material conditions, and war? In my paper I will mention the anthropology of war and gender roles. Furthermore, I will discuss the interrelations between culture and war, and finally the interrelations between religion and war. The first question is, if there was war from the beginning of human kind on, or if war just was developed over time? This is a hard question, which nobody can explain exactly. The movie â€Å"The Gods must be crazy† (1984) could be one example that in an uncivilized, isolated society people cannot have war, because they do not have reasons to fight about. They have everything they need various times. That means, they do not have to share things and in conclusion, do not have to fight about things. In the Kalahari Desert a family of African Bushmen had a life in an ideal fashion in harmony and peace. One day somebody dropped a coke bottle out of an airplane down to the Kalahari Desert. This bottle leads to disharmony and violence among the family. All of a sudden they have to share this tool which â€Å"God sent them†. Nobody can work without this tool anymore. That is the reason why they start fighting. But why can people not share, or need to have what they want at onc e without the patience to wait? That’s the problem of human kind in a civilized world. Civilized people change the environment to suit them. The Kalahari Desert cou... ...volution, Males, and violence. The Chronicle of Higher Education 2002. Trexler. Backgrounds (Selections). John, Keegan. The Fact of Battle (Selections). Victor, Davis Hanson. Carnage and Culture: Landmark Battles in the rise of Western Power. An-chor Books 2001. Rodney, Stark. One True God: Historical Consequences of Monotheism (Selection). Princeton University Press. Barrington, Moore, Jr. Moral Purity and Persecution in History (Selection). Princeton University Press Lawrence H., Keeley. War before Civilization. Oxford University Press 1996. Robert L., O’Connell. Ride of the Second Horseman. Oxford University Press 1995. Andrew, Sullivan. This is a religious war. New York Times 2001. Michael, Adams. Peter Pan’s great Adventure. Adams. Male Sacrifice and W.W.I.- to be a man. Jared, Diamond. Guns, Germs, and Steel. W.W. Norton & Company. The possible link between culture, material conditions, and war Essay The possible link between culture, material conditions, and war After the Second World War and finally after the Cold War and the Gulf War, many peo-ple agreed that there is no need for war anymore. Allies were conducted to maintain peace. But this belief was destroyed. Nowadays, we have to fear a war with Iraq. The question which rises is, if there is a possible link between culture, material conditions, and war? In my paper I will mention the anthropology of war and gender roles. Furthermore, I will discuss the interrelations between culture and war, and finally the interrelations between religion and war. The first question is, if there was war from the beginning of human kind on, or if war just was developed over time? This is a hard question, which nobody can explain exactly. The movie â€Å"The Gods must be crazy† (1984) could be one example that in an uncivilized, isolated society people cannot have war, because they do not have reasons to fight about. They have everything they need various times. That means, they do not have to share things and in conclusion, do not have to fight about things. In the Kalahari Desert a family of African Bushmen had a life in an ideal fashion in harmony and peace. One day somebody dropped a coke bottle out of an airplane down to the Kalahari Desert. This bottle leads to disharmony and violence among the family. All of a sudden they have to share this tool which â€Å"God sent them†. Nobody can work without this tool anymore. That is the reason why they start fighting. But why can people not share, or need to have what they want at onc e without the patience to wait? That’s the problem of human kind in a civilized world. Civilized people change the environment to suit them. The Kalahari Desert cou... ...volution, Males, and violence. The Chronicle of Higher Education 2002. Trexler. Backgrounds (Selections). John, Keegan. The Fact of Battle (Selections). Victor, Davis Hanson. Carnage and Culture: Landmark Battles in the rise of Western Power. An-chor Books 2001. Rodney, Stark. One True God: Historical Consequences of Monotheism (Selection). Princeton University Press. Barrington, Moore, Jr. Moral Purity and Persecution in History (Selection). Princeton University Press Lawrence H., Keeley. War before Civilization. Oxford University Press 1996. Robert L., O’Connell. Ride of the Second Horseman. Oxford University Press 1995. Andrew, Sullivan. This is a religious war. New York Times 2001. Michael, Adams. Peter Pan’s great Adventure. Adams. Male Sacrifice and W.W.I.- to be a man. Jared, Diamond. Guns, Germs, and Steel. W.W. Norton & Company.

Who is Adrienne Rich

In these essays the writers back up there views with examples of how either man or woman has been oppressed throughout the history of education. While Adrienne Rich is talking mainly about the college system and David Thomas is talking about the school system in general, their views do conflict each other. Rich believes that women have been exploited throughout the history of time. Thomas on the other hand believes that by being forced to have women teachers has disadvantaged boys. Though these views do no directly conflict, they are pretty close. Rich tells why she feels that women have been oppressed and Thomas tells why he feels that boys have been disadvantaged. In Rich†s essay â€Å"What Does a Women Need to Know? † she argues that women have been demoralized throughout time. Rich says â€Å"when we think of what an independent women†s college might be: a college dedicated both to teaching women what women need to know and, by the same token, to changing the landscape of knowledge itself. (Rich 45) This means that she believes that women should be taught the skills that they will need to succeed in life as a wife and as a â€Å"self conscious, self-defining human being. † (Rich 45) She then gives examples of her life experiences and how her life experiences with men trying to force her to think and see things one way, and how she struggled to see things from a different perspective, â€Å"through the eyes of an outsider. † (Rich 46) She ends her speech by talking about how these women have to change the ways of the past and they have to step into the now and become educated of the past and present. She ends the speech with, â€Å"Get all of the knowledge and skill that you can in whatever professions you enter; but remember that most of your education must be self-education, in learning the things that women need to know and in calling up the voices we need to hear within ourselves. † (Rich 50) The David Thomas essay â€Å"The Mind of Man† is about how boys are shot down at an early age. In a writing from the Independent on Sunday Toney Mooney says â€Å"Women teachers find boys too noisy, too aggressive, too boisterous. Unconsciously or not, they consistently reinforce and reward more ‘feminine† behavior. If all this is true it is understandable that boys should not be as advanced as girls in the hands of woman junior school teachers. There is a direct relationship between a child†s academic achievement and a favorable response from the teacher. † (Thomas 339) To prove this fact there was an experiment done with seventy-two boys and sixty girls at kindergarten. They were taught to read on a self-teaching machine and then they were tested. The boys did better than the girls. Then they resumed normal classroom instruction by women teachers. The children were tested again and this time the boys† scores were lower than the girls. It is not a prejudice that women or men have against the children, it is a understanding of what the child is going through because the teacher has been in that position at one time in their lives. It is a common ground that the male teachers have with the male students and vice versa. Thomas talks about how a single sex environment is not always the answer either. He attended an all boys† boarding school and he was â€Å"taught in a system that was designed to bring the best out of boys, intellectually, creatively and on the sports field. † (Thomas 341) He says that it is a better venue to learn but he says, â€Å"I was painfully aware of the distorting affect that an all-male institution was having on my own emotional development and that of my classmates. (Thomas 341) He says that some people cannot handle this environment and it will lead to â€Å"disaster† (Thomas 341) In conclusion I would have to agree with Thomas. I am a little biased but women teachers have personally disadvantaged me. I also worked in a pre-school over the summer where the teachers are mostly women. I witnessed this discrimination first hand. I disagree with Rich because I think that today women and men pretty much stand on even ground. I think that there is more discrimination against men then there is against women.

Rate of rate of hydrochloric acid and mange essays

Rate of rate of hydrochloric acid and mange essays Rate of rate of hydrochloric acid and mangesium ribbon In the reaction between hydrochloric acid and magnesium ribbon, the hydrochloric acid will dissolve the magnesium and produce hydrogen gas. All chemical reactions involve reactants which when mixed may cause a chemical reaction which will make products. In my case the reactants are hydrochloric acid and magnesium ribbon. The chemical reaction takes place when the magnesium ribbon is dropped into the hydrochloric acid. The products that are formed during this reaction are hydrogen gas and magnesium chloride. The formula equation for this experiment is: Magnesium + Hydrochloric acid (r) Magnesium Chloride + Hydrogen ( s ) ( aq ) ( aq ) ( g ) Magnesium will react with hydrochloric acid, because it is higher in the reactivity series that hydrogen. When the two chemicals react a displacement reaction will take place and the magnesium will displace the hydrogen in the hydrochloric acid forming magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas. Li (lithium) all to dangerous to react with a strong acid Zn (zinc) these metals will react with hydrochloric acid as they Fe (iron) they are higher in the reactivity series than hydrogen Sn (tin) and so a displacement reaction will take place Hg (mercury) none of these metals will react with hydrochloric Ag (silver) acid as they are all lower in the reactivity series than Al (gold) hydrogen, therefore a displacement reaction will not happen Depending on certain factors the rate that this reaction will take place will either increase or decrease. The factors that may affect the rate of reaction are as follows: Temperature of the Hydrochloric Acid Mass of the magnesium ribbon used Concentration of the Hydrochloric acid Surface area of the magnesium ribbon used All of these factors will change the rate of reaction because of the Collisi...

Naked Economics Essays

Naked Economics Essays Naked Economics Paper Naked Economics Paper Essay Topic: Economics Chapter 1: The Power of Markets 1. What are the two basic assumptions that economists make about individuals and firms? The two basic assumptions that economists make about individuals and firms are that they attempt to maximize their utility using the available resources and that they want to make the most amount of profit possible. 2. What is the role and significance of prices in the market economy? Prices in the market economy are extremely useful because they help gauge what consumers want and how badly they want it. High prices indicate strong consumer desire for that product while low ones indicate little interest. 3. What’s so great about a market economy anyway? A market economy is so good because it corresponds with normal human behavior and allows for optimum allocation of resources. It may not be completely fair, but it is the most stable and best option compared to a communist system. Chapter 2: Incentives Matter 4. Explain how each of the following relates to efficient outcomes in a market economy: adverse selection, â€Å"perverse incentives†, principal-agent problem, and the prisoner’s dilemma. Adverse selection hinders efficient outcomes in a market economy because it involves one party in an economic action having less information than the other, therefore it might agree to buy a certain product or service and pay for more than what it gets (or vice versa if seen from the ignorant seller’s perspective). The avoidance of negative perverse incentives leads governments into better policy making and achieving the desired economic effect and increase in efficiency. If the principal-agent problem is addressed correctly, business managers and employees will strive to improve the product or service and achieve economic growth in the long run because it is beneficial to them, not only the owners. The prisoner’s dilemma will probably lead to an inefficient outcome in which both parties involved will not achieve maximum profit. The only time this isn’t the case is when agreements and communication exist between the parties and they both agree on an action and thanks to that, achieve higher profits. This though is normally prohibited by government in order to prevent monopoly power. Chapter 3: Government and the Economy 5. In your own words, explain what an externality is. An externality is the cost or benefit that the production, selling, use, or even existence of a product or service has positive or negative effects on people that were not involved in the transaction. 6. Besides addressing externalities, what other important and beneficial roles does government play in our market economy? Government tries its best to reach a more equitable income distribution through the use of taxes, provides for public services that would otherwise be produced inefficiently if produced privately, and provides a law system which also prevents monopolization of industries and coalitions between powerful firms to protect consumers from monopoly prices. Chapter 4: Government and the Economy II 7. What are the main reasons why government should only take a limited role in a market economy? Government should only take a limited role in a market economy because if let to function freely, a market economy will achieve considerably efficient outcomes and only need few regulations and assistance with public goods in order to maintain competition and fairness. These functions should be executed with moderation because excessive control and regulation of the market will lead to inefficiency and maybe even market failure.

Geopolitical factors and the possible involvement of the U.S. in the Assignment

Geopolitical factors and the possible involvement of the U.S. in the BSEC region - Assignment Example It would be noted that geopolitical factors commonly entails political issues that arise as a result of geographical factors1. In this sense, the issue of geographic proximity from the existing BSEC member states and for that the Black Sea from the U.S ought to be considered. It will be noted that the existing members include Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece, Moldova, Georgia, Russia, Turkey, and Ukraine, most of who are also members of the European Union2. What this implies is that there are different geographic concerns and needs that these nations have from the United States. As a result, one would wonder if the issue with Romania joining the E.U where there was an increase in disparity will not arise again. As noted by Grama, because of the perceived geographic disadvantage that Romania suffered, most of the interests that could be protected for the country were shifted to the other 4 major CBC programs that Romania was involved in.3 It is therefore importan t for the U.S to consider the issue of how effective it can be with the level of distance that exists between itself and the other member states, and the fact that the other members belong to a different economic block must be considered. There is also the factor of geopolitical factor of equitable distribution of resources within the geographic free zone of the Black Sea and how this will affect the U.S in terms of the size of the country. This is because in comparison to the other countries, the size of U.S. may be far larger than all the other countries; even when they are put together4. This means that there could be a possible problem with equity; from whichever size it is viewed. That is, when resources are shared in the same quantity among member states, the U.S is going to have a proportionally smaller quantum than it requires. On the other hand, when the sharing is done in relation to the sizes of the nations, the others are going to

Global Warming Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Global Warming - Research Paper Example Increased temperature creates rapid and irreversible changes on both terrestrial and aquatic habitats. Terrestrial habitats subjected to a higher temperature become drier and can no longer sustain life. Such loss of habitat affects animals and can be a precursor for extinction of some species. As temperature increases, the habitat ranges of most species shifts. The shift is healthy for these animals as it creates range reduction forcing the animals into less hospitable habitat or increased competition. The change is stressful to the animals. Some species are affected and have nowhere to go because they are forced to reach their upper limit of habitat. Habitat displacement and alteration favors only the animals that can adapt to these changes (UNEP 13). Increased temperatures affect wetland habitats. Wetlands are important habitat for fish and other aquatic animal and also serve as breeding grounds for many waterfowl. Increase in global temperature will mean a permanently drier and warmer future. Such changes will result in increased habitat destruction as the animals will have no place to live or to breed. The arctic habitats are the most affected by increasing temperatures. The ice sheet are melting, and glaciers are reducing. Animals such as the polar bears that live in these habitats are affected. Ocean acidification due to climate change result in bleaching of the coral reefs that are among the habitats with the highest biodiversity (Chen-Tung 312). Habitat destruction and alteration affects wildlife because climate change rapidly changes these ecosystems. Global warming is an example of climate change effects that along with habitat destruction and pollution can result in increased extinction rates of animals and other related species. Climate change affects both the biology and ecology of most animals. It changes the availability of resources necessary for the animals to survive. With the lack of food, water, and space, it is difficult for a